Predictors of burnout in female nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictors of burnout in female nurses during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also sought to evaluate the relationship between each of the variables studied (anxiety, depression, sociodemographic and COVID-19 variables) and the dimensions of the burnout. BACKGROUND: One of the groups of health care workers worst affected by the COVID-19 crisis has been women working as nursing staff, due to the high percentage they account for at a global level and their direct contact with infected patients. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional, quantitative study. METHODS: Four hundred forty-four Spanish female nurses from hospital and primary health care centres took part in the study. The data were obtained in 2020 by means of an online survey. RESULTS: Symptoms of depression are a common predictor variable to all the dimensions of burnout, whereas symptoms of anxiety predict emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Age and years of experience in the job predict depersonalization, whereas the probability of contracting the infection is a predictor variable of emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment. CONCLUSION: Predictor variables should be considered in the creation of prevention and intervention plans to reduce the levels of burnout in female nurses.

Modelo esfuerzo-recompensa, salud y enfermedad en personal sanitario: una revisión sistemática / Effort-Reward Model and health and disease in healthcare workers: A systematic reviews

Scientific literature has shown relation between the perception of a high Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) and poor health or disease in healthcare workers. The aim of the study was to carry out a systematic review of how psychosocial risks in the work environment, conceptualized from the effort-reward imbalance model, influence different dimensions of health or illness in health care professionals. Articles that were published between 2010 and 2019 were reviewed by consulting Web of Knowledge, PsycINFO and Scopus databases. 27 scientific articles were included. High ERI and over-commitment are associated with poor health or disease in different dimensions.The main limitations of this review are a possible publication bias and the impossibility of establishing causal relationships between environmental psychosocial risks and health or illness. It is necessary to address the psychosocial risks of the health care work environment and to implement improvement programs to achieve a good balance between efforts and rewards.

La bibliografía científica ha evidenciado asociaciones entre la percepción de un alto desequilibrio esfuerzo-recompensa (Effort-Reward Imbalance, ERI) y mala salud o enfermedad en sanitarios. En este trabajo se realizó una revisión sistemática de estudios que analizaron cómo influyen los riesgos psicosociales del entorno laboral, conceptualizados desde el modelo del desequilibrio esfuerzo-recompensa, en diferentes dimensiones de salud o enfermedad en personal sanitario. Para ello, se revisaron artículos publicados entre 2010 y 2019 consultando las bases de datos Web of Knowledge, PsycINFO y Scopus. Se incluyeron 27 artículos científicos. Un alto ERI y un exceso de compromiso (sobrecompromiso) se asocian con mala salud o enfermedad en personal sanitario. Las principales limitaciones de esta revisión son un posible sesgo de publicación y la imposibilidad de establecer relaciones de causalidad entre los riesgos psicosociales del entorno y la salud o enfermedad. Es necesario evaluar los riesgos psicosociales del entorno laboral de los sanitarios y desarrollar y aplicar programas de intervención para que haya un ajuste adecuado entre esfuerzos y recompensas.

Mental Health, Burnout, and Resilience in Healthcare Professionals After the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain: A Longitudinal Study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine whether there are differences in symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, anxiety, levels of burnout and resilience in Spanish healthcare staff between the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and after it, depending on several demographic and work-related variables. METHODS: A longitudinal study was conducted in April 2020 (T0), and July 2020 (T1). Symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, anxiety, burnout, levels of resilience, along with demographic and work-related variables in 443 workers were assessed. RESULTS: Symptoms and burnout were more pronounced at T0, whereas the levels of resilience were higher at T1. Being women, being young, holding a lower-level job, less years of experience, lower educational level, and/or working rotating shifts are associated with having more posttraumatic stress symptoms and burnout. CONCLUSION: These variables would be considered in similar situations.

Perception of Health, Resilience, and Engagement in Spanish Police Officers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the police force was one of the institutions that was most exposed to possible infections, in addition to suffering stressful situations that affect health. This study aims to independently assess the relationship between demographic, work, and COVID-19 variables, and resilience, engagement, and the perception of health, as well as to evaluate which variables are more important when predicting health perceptions. METHOD: 640 Spanish police officers were evaluated through a cross-sectional design and online survey. RESULTS: The perception of the lack of personal protective equipment, believing that it is easy to become infected with COVID-19, or working as a police officer were associated with low levels of engagement and resilience and a worse perception of health. More years of experience in the police force was associated with worse health and lower levels of engagement and resilience. Engagement and resilience would be protective variables of health. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to promote practices related to engagement and resilience in the police force. The discussion emphasizes that more experienced police officers demonstrate less engagement and resilience.

Occupational Stress in Spanish Police Officers: Validating the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire.

The Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (hereinafter, ERIQ) has been largely used worldwide to assess job stress, but it has not yet been applied in Spanish police. The objective of this study was to examine the construct validity and the internal consistency of the ERIQ in police officers. A cross-sectional study was carried out, using a nonprobability sampling (quota). A total of 217 Spanish police officers participated, 192 men (88.47%) and 25 women (11.53%). The mean age was 41 years (SD = 7.51). These police officers completed the ERIQ together with some other questionnaires (DECORE-21, MBI, GHQ and STAI) in order to provide evidence for validity based on the relationships to other constructs. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed and a matrix of correlations with the rest of constructs was created. The results showed an appropriate fit to the original model consisting of three scales. In addition, the scales of the ERIQ presented the expected relationship with the other constructs. The ERIQ is a valid instrument for assessing occupational stress in Spanish police officers and can improve the interventions in this professional group.

Perception of Health, Resilience, and Engagement in Spanish Police Officers During the COVID-19 Pandemic / Salud Percibida, Resiliencia y Compromiso en Policías Españoles Durante la Pandemia por COVID-19

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the police force was one of the institutions that was most exposed to possible infections, in addition to suffering stressful situations that affect health. This study aims to independently assess the relationship between demographic, work, and COVID-19 variables, and resilience, engagement, and the perception of health, as well as to evaluate which variables are more important when predicting health perceptions. Method: 640 Spanish police officers were evaluated through a cross-sectional design and online survey. Results: The perception of the lack of personal protective equipment, believing that it is easy to become infected with COVID-19, or working as a police officer were associated with low levels of engagement and resilience and a worse perception of health. More years of experience in the police force was associated with worse health and lower levels of engagement and resilience. Engagement and resilience would be protective variables of health. Conclusions: It is necessary to promote practices related to engagement and resilience in the police force. The discussion emphasizes that more experienced police officers demonstrate less engagement and resilience. (AU)

Antecedentes: durante la pandemia por COVID-19, el colectivo policial ha sido uno de los más expuestos a posibles contagios, además de sufrir situaciones estresantes que afectan a la salud. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar independientemente la relación entre las variables demográficas, del trabajo y COVID-19, y la resiliencia, el engagement y la percepción sobre la salud, así como evaluar qué variables tienen más peso a la hora de predecir la percepción sobre la salud. Método: se evaluó a 640 policías españoles mediante un diseño transversal y encuesta online. Resultados: la falta de equipos de protección individual, creer que es fácil infectarse por COVID-19 o trabajar como agente se asocian a niveles bajos de engagement y resiliencia y peor percepción de la salud. El aumento en los años de experiencia en el cuerpo policial se asocia a peor salud y a bajos niveles de engagement y resiliencia. El engagement y la resiliencia serían variables protectoras de la salud. Conclusiones: es necesario fomentar prácticas relacionadas con el engagement y la resiliencia en el colectivo policial. Se destaca que los policías con más experiencia muestran menos engagement y resiliencia. (AU)

Influencia del proceso de aculturación en la percepción de riesgos psicosociales en el trabajo / The relationship between the process of acculturation and the perception of psychosocial risks in the workplace

OBJETIVO: Los objetivos del presente estudio son analizar las relaciones existentes entre las estrategias de aculturación y los factores de riesgo psicosocial, el estrés aculturativo y los riesgos psicosociales, y evaluar si existen diferencias en estrés aculturativo dependiendo del sector de actividad. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: La muestra estuvo formada por 201 personas trabajadoras migrantes que viven en la Comunidad de Madrid (49%) y procedentes en su mayoría de países de Europa oriental y de América del Sur. Se evaluaron las estrategias de aculturación con el cuestionario Modelo Ampliado de Aculturación Relativa (MAAR), el estrés aculturativo con la escala Barcelona de Estrés del Inmigrante (Barcelona Immigrant Stress Scale [BISS]) y los riesgos psicosociales con el cuestionario DECORE. El diseño fue transversal. RESULTADOS: Los resultados muestran que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la estrategia utilizada por hombres y mujeres para cada ámbito de aculturación. Los sujetos que utilizan la estrategia de marginación tienen percepción de bajo salario, los que adoptan la estrategia intermedia perciben poco control sobre su trabajo, mientras que los que adoptan la estrategia de integración perciben más demandas laborales (trabajo con más contenido). El estrés aculturativo se muestra como predictor de la percepción adversa del entorno laboral (bajo control, bajas recompensas y poco apoyo social). Por otra parte, las personas trabajadoras de más edad perciben más control sobre su trabajo y los empleados del sector de los servicios para el hogar tienen puntuaciones mayores en nostalgia y estrés psicosocial que los del resto de sectores evaluados. CONCLUSIONES: Se deben poner en marcha dentro de las organizaciones medidas para minimizar el estrés aculturativo, promover la integración de este grupo de personas trabajadoras y mejorar su percepción de los factores de riesgo psicosocial

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to analyze the relationships between acculturation strategies and psychosocial risk factors, the acculturative stress and the psychosocial risks, and to assess whether there are differences in acculturative stress depending on the activity sector. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 201 migrant workers living in the Community of Madrid (49%). Most of them were originally from countries from Eastern Europe and South America. Using a cross-sectional design, we applied Relative Acculturation Extended Model (MAAR) questionnaire to measure acculturation strategies; Barcelona Immigrant Stress Scale (BISS) was applied to measure acculturative stress and psychosocial risks were assessed through the DECORE questionnaire. RESULTS: The results showed that there are no statistically significant differences in the strategy used by men and women for each area of acculturation. Participants who used the Marginalization strategy perceived their salary as being low while those who adopted the Intermediate strategy perceived little control over their work. Those who adopted the Integration strategy perceive more work demands (higher job content). Acculturative stress is a predictor of adverse perception of work environment (low control, low rewards and low social support). On the other hand, older workers perceive more control over their work and employees in the home services sector have higher scores in Nostalgia and Psychosocial Stress than those in other sectors. CONCLUSIONS: Within organizations, measures must be put in place to minimize acculturative stress, promote the integration of the workers and improve their perception of psychosocial work factors

Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Levels of Resilience and Burnout in Spanish Health Personnel during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The number of health workers infected with COVID-19 in Spain is one of the highest in the world. The aim of this study is to analyse posttraumatic stress, anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Associations between burnout, resilience, demographic, work and COVID-19 variables are analysed. Cross-sectional data on 1422 health workers were analysed. A total of 56.6% of health workers present symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, 58.6% anxiety disorder, 46% depressive disorder and 41.1% feel emotionally drained. The profile of a health worker with greater posttraumatic stress symptoms would be a person who works in the Autonomous Community of Madrid, in a hospital, is a woman, is concerned that a person he/she lives with may be infected, and thinks that he/she is very likely to be infected. The risk variables for anxiety and depression would be a person that is a woman, working 12- or 24-h shifts, and being worried that a family member could be infected. High scores on emotional exhaustion and depersonalization are risk factors for mental health, with resilience and personal fulfilment being protective variables. Data are provided to improve preventive measures for occupational health workers.

Psychosocial Risk Factors, Burnout and Hardy Personality as Variables Associated With Mental Health in Police Officers.

Among the variables associated with occupational stress, two of the most studied are the adverse perceptions of psychosocial risk factors in the workplace and burnout. With the rise of positive psychology, other variables of the individual type, such as hardy personality have also been the subject of study. No studies have been found that jointly examine these variables related to mental health in police officers. The aim of this research was to analyze which variables were associated with mental health in police officers. A total of 223 policemen (202 men and 21 women) participated in a cross-sectional study. Of all the variables, emotional exhaustion and perception of problems as challenges were the only factors introduced in the regression model. These factors must be considered to improve both human resource interventions and occupational health practices in this professional group.

DECORE-21: Assessment of occupational stress in police. Confirmatory factor analysis of the original model.

There is scarce research on stress in Spanish police officers and on the use of instruments to assess this construct in this professional group. In Spain, the DECORE questionnaire has been one of the most used. Nevertheless, it had not been previously applied to police officers. The aim of this study was to analyze both the construct validity and the reliability of the original model of 44 items. A cross-sectional design and a non-probabilistic quota sampling were used. A total of 223 Spanish police officers participated. 202 police personnel were men (90.6%) and 21 were women (9.4%). The average age was 41 years old (SD = 7.52). These police officers answered the DECORE questionnaire. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was carried out. The results showed an unsatisfactory adjustment using the original model of 44 items. A final solution of 21 items and four factors was formulated with both suitable validity and reliability indexes. In this model, 23 items that did not weigh highly in any of the four factors were removed. The DECORE-21 questionnaire is recommended to assess work-related stress in police officers.

Factores de riesgo psicosocial como predictores del bienestar laboral: un análisis SEM / Psychosocial risk factors as predictors of occupational well-being: A SEM analysis

ANTECEDENTES: Las aproximaciones teóricas sobre el bienestar laboral lo identifican con variables como la satisfacción, la motivación y el estrés. A su vez, en estas variables influyen los factores de riesgo psicosocial del entorno laboral, los cuales se relacionan con la salud de los trabajadores. OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este estudio fue validar un modelo de bienestar laboral a partir de la evaluación de la percepción de los factores de riesgo psicosocial. Se aplicó el cuestionario DECORE a 865 trabajadores de distintas empresas del sector terciario en la Comunidad de Madrid. Posteriormente, se efectuaron diversos análisis factoriales confirmatorios (procedimiento máxima verosimilitud) sobre las distintas variables realizadas. RESULTADOS: Tanto al evaluar los factores de riesgo psicosocial como el bienestar laboral, los índices de ajuste resultan apropiados. Todas las variables latentes se reúnen en un mismo modelo para analizar las relaciones subyacentes entre ellas. Los índices de ajuste son, asimismo, adecuados. CONCLUSIONES: La percepción que tiene el trabajador de los factores de riesgo psicosocial resultó ser un predictor de su bienestar laboral, entendido como altos niveles de satisfacción y motivación, y bajos niveles de estrés percibido

ANTECEDENTS: Theoretical approaches on occupational well-being have identified several intervening variables such as satisfaction, motivation and occupational stress. Psychosocial risk factors at work have an influence on these variables as well as on workers' health. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to validate a model of occupational well-being by assessing perceived psychosocial risk factors in a sample of 865 workers from different service sector businesses by means of the DECORE questionnaire. Subsequently, several confirmatory factor analyses (maximum likelihood estimators) on the different analyzed variables were performed. RESULTS: On having evaluated psychosocial risk factors and occupational well-being, the indexes of adjustment turned out to be appropriate. All the latent variables were included in the same model in order to gather information on the underlying relationships between them. The fit indices were also suitable. CONCLUSIONS: Workers' perception of psychosocial risk factors was a predictor of occupational well-being, defined as high levels of satisfaction and motivation together with low levels of perceived stress

Asociación entre la percepción de condiciones laborales adversas y depresión: una revisión sistemática / Association between the perception of adverse working conditions and depressive symptomatology: A systematic review

ANTECEDENTES: La bibliografía científica ha señalado que existe relación entre la percepción adversa de los riesgos psicosociales y depresión, a pesar de ser escasos los estudios longitudinales sobre esta temática. OBJETIVO: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de investigaciones longitudinales en las que la percepción adversa de los factores de riesgo psicosocial se asociaba con depresión en el ámbito laboral. MÉTODO: Se revisaron artículos publicados entre 2011 y 2015 utilizando las bases de datos Psycinfo, Web of Knowledge y PubMed. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron cuatro artículos científicos de un total de 588 estudios. Percibir: altas demandas laborales, escaso control, desequilibrio entre los esfuerzos y las recompensas obtenidas, el conflicto trabajo-familia, la falta de supervisión, la inseguridad laboral, realizar horas extra, trabajar fines de semana, ocupar puestos de menor categoría y presentar menor antigüedad laboral se asociaban con depresión. CONCLUSIONES: Se considera necesario tener en cuenta estos factores para mejorar la salud laboral

BACKGROUND: The scientific literature shows that there is a relation between the perception of adverse psychosocial risk factors and depression, despite the few longitudinal studies on this topic.OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to carry out a systematic review of longitudinal studies in which the perception of adverse psychosocial working conditions was associated with depression in the organizational context. METHOD: Articles published between 2011 and 2015 were reviewed using PsycINFO, Web of Knowledge and PubMed databases. RESULTS: Out of 588 studies, only four scientific articles were obtained. Results indicate that high perception of job demands, scarce control over demands, effort-reward imbalance, perceived work-family conflict, lack of supervision, job insecurity, working overtime, working on weekends when holding positions of low occupational grade and lower professional tenure are associated with depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: These factors need to be taken into account in order to improve occupational health

Stress in Spanish police force depending on occupational rank, sex, age and work-shift / Estrés en policías españoles según rango ocupacional, sexo, edad y turno de trabajo

BACKGROUND: In the police force, some variables such as occupational rank, sex, age and work-shift are associated with stress in workers. The aim of this paper was to determine possible differences in the perception of occupational stress at work depending on rank, sex, age and work-shift of police agents in the Community of Madrid, Spain. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 24 municipalities of the Community of Madrid. A total number of 565 police agents participated. The ranks of the police agents were: constable, corporal, sergeant and police chief. Occupational stress (psychosocial risk factors at work) was assessed with the DECORE Questionnaire. RESULTS: All police agents perceived psychosocial risk factors adversely; especially agents of lesser rank perceived less control, fewer rewards and scarce support. There were significant differences in the perception of insufficient rewards between constables and other categories; and between constables and corporals in the perception of insufficient organisational support. No significant differences were found in the perception of psychosocial risk factors in relation to the rest of variables. CONCLUSIONS: The police rank should be taken into account for the development of preventive measures to reduce stress

ANTECEDENTES: en la policía, algunas variables como el rango ocupacional, el sexo, la edad y el tipo de turno se relacionan con estrés en trabajadores. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer si existían diferencias en la percepción de estrés laboral en policías de la Comunidad de Madrid (España), según el rango ocupacional, el sexo, la edad y el tipo de turno. MÉTODO: se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal en 24 municipios de la Comunidad de Madrid. Participaron 565 policías. Los rangos evaluados fueron: agente, cabo, sargento y jefe de policía. El estrés laboral (riesgos psicosociales del trabajo) fue evaluado con el cuestionario DECORE. RESULTADOS: todos los policías evaluados percibieron los factores de riesgo psicosocial de forma adversa. Específicamente, los que ocupaban rangos inferiores percibieron menos control, escasas recompensas y escaso apoyo. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la percepción de escasas recompensas entre agentes y el resto de rangos; y entre agentes y cabos en la percepción de escaso apoyo organizacional. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la percepción de los factores de riesgo psicosocial en el resto de variables. CONCLUSIONES: el rango policial debería tenerse en cuenta en el desarrollo de medidas preventivas para reducir el estrés

Stress in Spanish police force depending on occupational rank, sex, age and work-shift.

BACKGROUND: In the police force, some variables such as occupational rank, sex, age and work-shift are associated with stress in workers. The aim of this paper was to determine possible differences in the perception of occupational stress at work depending on rank, sex, age and work-shift of police agents in the Community of Madrid, Spain. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 24 municipalities of the Community of Madrid. A total number of 565 police agents participated. The ranks of the police agents were: constable, corporal, sergeant and police chief. Occupational stress (psychosocial risk factors at work) was assessed with the DECORE Questionnaire. RESULTS: All police agents perceived psychosocial risk factors adversely; especially agents of lesser rank perceived less control, fewer rewards and scarce support. There were significant differences in the perception of insufficient rewards between constables and other categories; and between constables and corporals in the perception of insufficient organisational support. No significant differences were found in the perception of psychosocial risk factors in relation to the rest of variables. CONCLUSIONS: The police rank should be taken into account for the development of preventive measures to reduce stress.

Factores de riesgo psicosocial en médicos de la provincia de Valladolid: diferencias entre atención primaria y hospitalaria / Psychosocial risk factors in physicians of the province of Valladolid: differences between primary and secondary care

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Factores de riesgo psicosocial en atención primaria: un estudio comparativo entre puestos / Psychosocial risk's factors in primary health care: a comparative study between job position

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Turnos y estrés psicosocial en los policías locales de Madrid / Shifwork and psychosocial stress in the local pólice officers of Madrid

Determinadas profesiones, como la Policía Local, deben prestar un servicio a los ciudadanos las veinticuatro horas del día; por lo tanto, los turnos de trabajo son necesarios para garantizar este servicio permanente. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido valorar el riesgo de estrés psicosocial (Cuestionario de evaluación de riesgos psicosociales Decore) y el estrés laboral percibido (Escala de Apreciación del Estrés Socio-Laboral) del trabajo a turnos en un grupo de 462 policías locales de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (España). Los resultados obtenidos indican que todos los trabajadores se encuentran al menos en nivel de alerta en todos los riesgos psicosociales (excepto en demandas y recompensas), siendo el turno rotativo mañana-noche el más adverso desde el punto de vista psicosocial. Con respecto al estrés laboral percibido, los trabajadores del turno fijo de noche tienen menos estrés que el turno rotativo mañana-noche. Finalmente se sugieren algunas recomendaciones para investigaciones futuras; así como las limitaciones de este estudio

Certain jobs, such as the Local Police, have to be available to the citizen at all times; as a result, shiftwork is necessary to ensure this permanent service. The aim of this paper is to know the psychosocial stress risk level (Decore Questionnaire of evaluation of psychosocial risks) and the per-ceived work stress (Social Work Stress Appreciation Scale) in shift work, in a group of 462 local police officers of the Madrid Community (Spain). The re-sults show that all the workers are at the alert level or over in all psychosocial risks (except in demands and rewards) being the rotational morning-night shift the most adverse from the psychosocial point of view. Regarding perceived work stress, fixed night shift workers show less stress than the rotational morning-night shift workers. Finally, the study limi-tations are indicated and some recommendations are suggested for future research

Análisis factorial confirmatorio del cuestionario DECORE / Confirmatory factor analysis of the DECORE questionnaire

El objetivo de este artículo es ampliar los conocimiento sobre las características psicométricas del Cuestionario DECORE (Luceños ¬ Martín, 2008), que evalúa la percepción que tienen los trabajadores sobre algunos riesgos psicosociales que la investigación ha relacionado con mala salud laboral. La muestra de trabajadores fue dividida en dos partes, una primera muestra constituida por 299 sujetos cuyos datos fueron sometidos a análisis factorial exploratorio y una segunda muestra, formada por 315 trabajadores sobre la que se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio. Ambos análisis, exploratorio y confirmatorio, arrojaron una estructura factorial de cuatro factores: Demandas cognitivas, Control, Recompensas y Apoyo organizacional. Los índices de consistencia interna fueron superiores a 0,78 en todas las escalas y para las dos muestras (AU)

The aim of this paper is to further analyse the psychometric characteristics of the DECORE Questionnaire (Luceño ¬ Martín, 2008) which assesses workers ´perceptions of some psychological risks that research has largely related with poor occupational health and well-being. The sample was split into two sub-groups. The first one consisted of 200 workers and data were analysed using an exploratory factor analysis; the second group consisted of 315 workers and data were analysed via a confirmatory factor analysis. Four factors were extracted from both exploratory and confirmatory analyses: Cognitive Demands, Control, Rewards and Organizational Support, Reliability index was higher than 0,78 for all four factors and in both groups (AU)